📚 Contents

$XRD is the native token of the Radix network . Unlike an ERC-20-style smart-contract token, XRD is a native asset – a first-class resource created an…

This Acceptable Use Policy sets out the terms between you and us under which you may access our website https://RADIX.wiki ( our site ). This acceptab…

An Access Controller is a native blueprint that holds a smart account 's owner badge in a vault and hands out proofs of it under rules the ledger enfo…

Access Rules are Radix's system-level authorization mechanism. Unlike EVM where access control is enforced by smart contract code (vulnerable to bugs)…

The application layer is the topmost layer of the Radix Engine stack – where developer-authored Scrypto blueprints, packages, and components actually…

Asset-oriented programming is Radix's foundational design principle where digital assets (tokens, NFTs , badges ) are native primitives managed by the…

Atomic composability means that complex multi-step operations either execute completely or not at all. On Radix, a single transaction manifest can cha…

The Austin Developer Event was a free, full-day developer workshop hosted by RDX Works in Austin, Texas on 11 June 2022 , timed to fall inside Consens…

A badge is not a distinct engine type – it is the convention of using a resource (typically non-fungible) as an authorization token rather than a valu…

Blind signing is the practice of signing transactions whose effects you cannot verify. On Ethereum , users routinely approve transactions that are opa…

The blockchain trilemma , popularized by Ethereum 's Vitalik Buterin, states that a blockchain can only optimize for two of three properties: scalabil…

In Scrypto , code is organized into a hierarchy: Blueprints – Templates that define logic, state, and access rules (analogous to Rust structs with imp…

Official logo assets for RADIX.wiki , provided for use when referencing or linking to the wiki. Every file below is served directly from radix.wiki –…

Brilliant On Chain was an event organized by Brunel University’s Blockchain Society. It was the fourth event in the DApp In A Day series of Scrypto wo…

Brunel Hack 25 was a 2-day hackathon on the 12-13th of July, 2025, organized by the Brunel Society of Blockchain and held at the university campus in…

Radix's asset-oriented programming model uses three core container types: Permanent storage for resources. Every account, component, and dApp stores i…

Byzantine Fault Tolerance ( BFT ) is the property of a distributed system that enables it to reach consensus even when up to one-third of participatin…

Cassandra [ /kəˈsændrə/ ] was a research project spearheaded by Dan Hughes to address two critical issues that could arise in a sharded network, speci…

A central bank digital currency ( CBDC ) is a digital form of money issued by a central bank as its own direct liability. Central bank money today rea…

Cerberus is the Byzantine fault-tolerant consensus protocol specified in Radix's 2020 whitepaper. Its central idea is braided parallelism : rather tha…

This page compares a specification against deployed protocols, which is the first thing to hold in mind: Cerberus 's distinguishing feature – atomic c…

The Cerberus whitepaper presents the formal specification of the Cerberus consensus protocol. Originally published as a preprint in 2020, it was peer-…

A component is a runtime instance of a blueprint , with its own persistent state, its own globally-addressable identity, and its own configured access…

Component Royalties allow Scrypto blueprint authors to earn fees whenever their deployed components are used. This is enforced at the Radix Engine lev…

Composability is the general ability of components of a system to be recombined into larger structures and for the output of one to be the input of an…

Radix's consensus mechanism has evolved through multiple generations, each building on lessons learned: Dan Hughes ' earliest experiments with distrib…

The Consensus Manager is a native blueprint that exposes the network’s consensus state – current epoch, round, validator set, and emissions schedule –…

This page is a closed record. The agent cluster it describes was retired on 27 June 2026 , when the nine cron-driven API routes that ran it — includin…

DApp In A Day #1 was the first event in the DApp In A Day series of Scrypto developer workshops. It was held at the University of Westminster in Londo…

DApp In A Day #2 was the second event in the DApp In A Day series of Scrypto developer workshops. It was held at St Mary’s University in Twickenham on…

DApp In A Day #3 was the third event in the DApp In A Day series of Scrypto developer workshops. It was held at the University of Roehampton on the 4t…

DApp In A Day #5 was the fifth in the DApp In A Day series of Scrypto developer workshops, sponsored by Shardspace, part of the broader Radix universi…

DApp In A Day #7 was the seventh and last recorded event in the DApp In A Day series of Scrypto developer workshops. It was held at the University of…

Decentralized Finance , commonly referred to as DeFi is an umbrella term for a variety of financial applications in blockchain or cryptocurrency geare…

Decentralized Science (DeSci) refers to an emerging model of organizing and funding scientific research in a more open, collaborative, and decentraliz…

Delegated Proof of Stake (DPoS) is a Sybil protection mechanism invented by Dan Larimer and used by certain distributed ledgers, including Radix. In D…

This script treats DLTs like Radix and Ethereum like engines and attempts to measure their efficiency in creating utility. Mechanical efficiency is me…

eMunie [ /‘i ˈmʌni/ ] was the name given to Dan Hughes ’ distributed ledger project prior to the launch of Ethereum (~2013).

The European Blockchain Convention 2024 was held in Barcelona, Spain, on the 25th of September, sponsored by the Radix Foundation. Radix founder Dan H…

Finite State Machines (FSM) are software components that restrict an application’s behavior to a subset of possible states.

Flexathon [ /‘flɛksəθɔn/ ] was a solo hackathon run by Dan Hughes, founder of Radix, over his vacation in late 2020. Its stated mission, set out in hi…

FooHack was a three-day hackathon hosted in June 2022 by the multi-platinum musician RedFoo at his "Party Rock Mansion" in the Malibu mountains, organ…

Hack the System is a community wealth building movement, which held its inaugural event on the 19-20 September, 2025, and aims to build Web3-powered m…

The Honest Majority Assumption is a critical security premise that underlies Proof-of-Work (PoW) and Proof-of-Stake (PoS) Sybil defense mechanisms. Th…

$XRD is the native currency of the Radix protocol and is used to pay transaction fees and to stake to validators . You can acquire XRD three ways: on…

hyperscale-rs is a community-built Rust implementation of the Hyperscale consensus protocol for the Radix DLT ecosystem, and the leading candidate to…

In January 2026, the Radix Foundation completed the final public Hyperscale test, demonstrating that its Hyperscale reference implementation could sus…

This page is a closed record. The agent cluster it describes was retired on 27 June 2026 , when the nine cron-driven API routes that ran it — includin…

The kernel is the lowest layer of the Radix Engine. It manages substates (units of persistent state), actors (entities that own substates), invocation…

Liquid Stake Units (LSUs) are native Radix tokens representing staked XRD with a specific validator . Unlike liquid staking on other chains (Lido's st…

The Locker is a native blueprint for permissioned resource distribution: a sender deposits resources into the locker addressed to specific recipients,…

The Metadata module is one of the engine's pluggable object modules. Every globalized object – packages, components, resources, accounts – has a Metad…

On Ethereum and other EVM chains, using DeFi requires the token-approval pattern : before a contract can move a user’s ERC-20 tokens it must first be…

The Radix network mints new XRD as network emissions to reward the validators and stakers who secure the ledger. Roughly 300 million XRD is emitted pe…

Non-fungible tokens (NFTs) are digital assets that represent unique items like artwork, collectibles, and in-game items. On Radix, NFTs are core primi…

This page archives the Radix Foundation 's partnership announcements from the pre-mainnet and Olympia eras (2020–2022). The list is preserved here for…

Personas is a digital identity management feature introduced by Radix as part of its Q2 2023 network upgrade to Babylon . It represents a significant…

Two-day Pillar Project integration hackathon (17–18 Jan 2019) where an early-stage Radix built a bridge to the Pillar wallet, alongside NEM and DigiByte tracks.

The Pillar Unconference was a community event hosted by the Pillar Project on 20 July 2018 in Vilnius, Lithuania. It is recorded here among the early…

The RADIX.wiki DAO ("We") are committed to protecting and respecting your privacy. This policy (together with our Terms of Use and any other documents…

A basic implementation of the Proof of Work (PoW) algorithm used as Sybil prevention by Bitcoin and other PoW networks. A deeper comparison between Po…

Radix Connect is a framework designed to facilitate seamless interactions between mobile wallets and desktop browsers, specifically tailored for decen…

The Radix Core API provides low-level access to Radix nodes for transaction submission, state queries, and network monitoring. It's primarily used by…

Alexandria [ /ˌæləgˈzændriə/ ] was a pre-Babylon version of the Radix network and appended the Olympia release with a Scrypto developer environment fo…

The Radix economic model is the set of rules that decide where XRD comes from and where it goes. There are only three flows, and each obeys a differen…

Radix ecosystem funding refers to the family of grant, incubation, and treasury vehicles operated by the Radix Foundation and RDX Works to finance dev…

Which Radix ecosystem projects are still operating, which are dormant, and which have closed – every /ecosystem page grouped by status.

The Radix Engine is the execution environment that runs all Scrypto smart contracts on Radix. Unlike the EVM (which is a general-purpose virtual machi…

As AI agents increasingly manage financial operations autonomously, the underlying ledger's architecture becomes critical. Radix provides four propert…

The Radix Gateway API is the primary developer interface for building dApps on Radix. It indexes the ledger and provides REST endpoints for querying a…

Radix governance is the set of institutions, rules, and processes by which decisions about the Radix network and its shared resources – its treasury,…

In February 2026, the Radix Foundation issued three Requests for Proposals (RFPs) to hand off the operation of core network infrastructure to communit…

Babylon [ /ˈbæbəˌlɑn/ ] is the current version release of the Radix network that debuted smart contracts and the Radix Engine execution environment. T…

Olympia [ /oʊˈlɪmpiə/ ] was was the initial release of the Radix Public Network and introduced the core node software, desktop wallet, staking, the Ra…

Xi’an [ /ʃi’æn/ ] will be the next major release of the Radix network . Xi’an will allow an unlimited number of shard groups , enabling Radix’s sharde…

Radix's native pool blueprints – OneResourcePool , TwoResourcePool , and MultiResourcePool – provide canonical liquidity-pool primitives implemented i…

A protocol update is a named, major change to the rules every Radix node runs. Radix Docs describes them as happening approximately two to three times…

The Radix Team Hackathon was the first internal hackathon organised by RDX Works (then Radix DLT). It was held during the first week of April 2019, wh…

Radix Visuals is a subject index of the explainer graphics, architecture diagrams, and product illustrations that describe the Radix network. It is or…

Radix and Cosmos take fundamentally different approaches to scalability: Cosmos uses sovereign app-chains connected via Inter-Blockchain Communication…

Ethereum uses Casper PoS with a single execution layer processing all transactions sequentially. Scalability relies on L2 rollups (Optimism, Arbitrum,…

Both Radix and Polkadot address scalability through sharding, but with very different architectures: Polkadot uses a hub-and-spoke model: parachains (…

Solana uses Tower BFT with Proof of History (PoH) for transaction ordering. It achieves ~5,000 real TPS (theoretical max ~65,000) through aggressive h…

The Radix Wallet is a mobile-first cryptocurrency wallet built by RDX Works , developed to manage $XRD and other tokens on the Radix network . The wal…

The Radix Wiki Hackathon #1 was held at the ArtSect Gallery in London on the 20-21st April, 2024. TELEGRAM → https://t.me/RadixHackathon “I woke up ha…

RCnet was a test network developed by Radix to provide developers with the tools and standards necessary for creating more robust applications on Radi…

A recycled Telegram handle is a username that once belonged to a project's own channel and has since been re-registered by someone else. The handle su…

A resource is the Radix Engine's first-class representation of a digital asset. Unlike token contracts on EVM-style chains – where balances are bookke…

The Role Assignment module attaches role-based access rules to every object the engine globalizes. Each role (e.g., minter , burner , metadata_setter…

A rollup is a layer-2 blockchain scaling construction in which transactions are executed outside the base blockchain (the layer 1) while the data requ…

RRC-404 is an implementation of the ERC-404 token standard on Radix, developed using the Scrypto programming language. It aims to provide fungible liq…

Scrypto is Radix's smart contract programming language. Built on Rust, it implements asset-oriented programming where tokens and NFTs are native primi…

The Scrypto DeFi Challenge was a five-week remote hackathon organised by RDX Works and hosted on Devpost , running from 20 February to 24 March 2023.…

The Scrypto Developer Event was the first in-person Scrypto developer event , held by RDX Works at Sud Hall in Lisbon, Portugal, on 9 April 2022. It i…

Shard groups [ /ʃɑrd grups/ ] or Validator Sets on Radix are groups of validators responsible for storing and validating the ledger state on subsets o…

Sharding [ /ˈʃɑːdɪŋ/ ] is a method of partitioning a database horizontally across separate servers to improve scalability, performance and data availa…

On Radix, every account is a smart account – a programmable component on the ledger with configurable access rules , deposit preferences, and recovery…

A stablecoin is a cryptocurrency designed to maintain a stable value, most commonly by targeting a fixed exchange rate – a peg – against a reference a…

Staking is a crucial mechanism in many cryptocurrency systems, particularly those using Proof of Stake (PoS) or Delegated Proof of Stake (DPoS) consen…

Operational note, 18 August 2026: the full Stokenet reset now has a date – Saturday 29 August 2026, 07:00 UTC . Every balance, transaction and deploye…

Pre-authorizations – the user-facing name for subintents – allow "a partial transaction to be authorized by one actor such that it can then become a p…

The Substate Model is Radix's approach to storing and managing on-ledger state. Rather than using a global account-based model ( Ethereum ) or UTXOs (…

The system layer implements the engine's high-level abstractions – objects, blueprints, packages, modules (Metadata, Royalty, Role Assignment), and th…

Tempo [ /ˈtɛmˌpoʊ/ ] is a consensus protocol developed as the fifth iteration of Radix. First proposed in 2017 , Tempo pioneered innovations such as l…

Please read these terms and conditions carefully before using this site. This terms of use (together with the documents referred to in it) tells you t…

A weekly reading of the Radix ledger, kept so each week can be compared with the last.

The Radix Token Unlock was a transition from the price-vesting of $XRD to freely transferrable tokens, enacted on September 15th, 2021. https://youtu.…

Transaction manifests are Radix's instruction format for describing what a transaction should do. Where an EVM transaction encodes a function call as…

The Transaction Processor is the native blueprint that turns a transaction manifest into engine calls. Every user transaction on Radix begins in it: i…

The Transaction Tracker is a system-level native blueprint that records the status of every transaction submitted to the network – including its inten…

Transactions per second (TPS) is a key metric of the speed and scalability of payment and distributed ledger (DLT) networks. High TPS enables networks…

A Trust Boundary [ /trʌst ˈbaʊndəri/ ] is a concept used in distributed systems to describe the point beyond which a component must rely on the behavi…

The Unspent Transaction Output ( UTXO ) model is a way to track ownership of digital assets in cryptocurrency systems. The Radix Engine implements a n…

Validator nodes secure the Radix network by participating in Cerberus consensus . They process transactions, propose state changes, and earn staking r…

The Radix Validator Subsidy Sunset was a community-approved governance decision that phased out the Foundation-administered validator subsidy over the…

Vamos is a novel database persistence layer developed by Dan Hughes , designed to provide better performance than traditional databases like LevelDB,…

The VM layer of the Radix Engine executes blueprint code. Two virtual machines coexist: the Scrypto VM , which runs developer-authored WebAssembly com…

Auto-maintained by the wiki-sweep routine. Each run records what was swept, advances the category rotation, logs ecosystem signals, and tracks communi…

The worktop is the resource staging area that exists for the life of a single transaction intent. When a manifest withdraws tokens from an account, th…