Core Protocols
The protocols that power Radix — Cerberus consensus, Radix Engine state machine, transaction manifests, and the ledger model.
Core Protocols contains 17 pages, last updated Jul 8, 2026.
$XRD Token
$XRD is the native token of the Radix network . As a native asset , XRD is a first-class resource managed by the Radix Engine — not a smart contract t…
Application Layer
The application layer is the topmost layer of the Radix Engine stack — where developer-authored Scrypto blueprints, packages, and components actually…

Cerberus (Consensus Protocol)
Cerberus is Radix's novel Byzantine Fault Tolerant consensus protocol. Its key innovation is braided parallelism : instead of running a single chain o…
Kernel Layer
The kernel is the lowest layer of the Radix Engine. It manages substates (units of persistent state), actors (entities that own substates), invocation…
NFTs on Radix
Non-fungible tokens (NFTs) are digital assets that represent unique items like artwork, collectibles, and in-game items. On Radix, NFTs are core primi…
Personas
Personas is a digital identity management feature introduced by Radix as part of its Q2 2023 network upgrade to Babylon . It represents a significant…
Radix Connect
Radix Connect is a framework designed to facilitate seamless interactions between mobile wallets and desktop browsers, specifically tailored for decen…
Radix Core API
The Radix Core API provides low-level access to Radix nodes for transaction submission, state queries, and network monitoring. It's primarily used by…

Radix Engine
The Radix Engine is the execution environment that runs all Scrypto smart contracts on Radix. Unlike the EVM (which is a general-purpose virtual machi…
Radix Gateway API
The Radix Gateway API is the primary developer interface for building dApps on Radix. It indexes the ledger and provides REST endpoints for querying a…
Radix Wallet
The Radix Wallet is a mobile-first cryptocurrency wallet built by RDX Works , developed to manage $XRD and other tokens on the Radix network . The wal…

Scrypto (Programming Language)
Scrypto is Radix's smart contract programming language. Built on Rust, it implements asset-oriented programming where tokens and NFTs are native primi…
Smart Accounts
On Radix, every account is a smart account — a programmable component on the ledger with configurable access rules , deposit preferences, and recovery…
System Layer
The system layer implements the engine's high-level abstractions — objects, blueprints, packages, modules (Metadata, Royalty, Role Assignment), and th…
Transaction Manifests
Transaction manifests are Radix's instruction format for describing what a transaction should do. Unlike EVM transactions that encode function calls a…
Vamos Database
Vamos is a novel database persistence layer developed by Dan Hughes , designed to provide better performance than traditional databases like LevelDB,…
VM Layer
The VM layer of the Radix Engine executes blueprint code. Two virtual machines coexist: the Scrypto VM, which runs developer-authored WebAssembly comp…
