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Core Protocols

The protocols that power Radix — Cerberus consensus, Radix Engine state machine, transaction manifests, and the ledger model.

Core Protocols contains 17 pages, last updated Jul 8, 2026.

$XRD Token

$XRD Token

$XRD is the native token of the Radix network . As a native asset , XRD is a first-class resource managed by the Radix Engine — not a smart contract t…

Application Layer

Application Layer

The application layer is the topmost layer of the Radix Engine stack — where developer-authored Scrypto blueprints, packages, and components actually…

Cerberus (Consensus Protocol)

Cerberus (Consensus Protocol)

Cerberus is Radix's novel Byzantine Fault Tolerant consensus protocol. Its key innovation is braided parallelism : instead of running a single chain o…

Kernel Layer

Kernel Layer

The kernel is the lowest layer of the Radix Engine. It manages substates (units of persistent state), actors (entities that own substates), invocation…

NFTs on Radix

NFTs on Radix

Non-fungible tokens (NFTs) are digital assets that represent unique items like artwork, collectibles, and in-game items. On Radix, NFTs are core primi…

Personas

Personas

Personas is a digital identity management feature introduced by Radix as part of its Q2 2023 network upgrade to Babylon . It represents a significant…

Radix Connect

Radix Connect

Radix Connect is a framework designed to facilitate seamless interactions between mobile wallets and desktop browsers, specifically tailored for decen…

Radix Core API

Radix Core API

The Radix Core API provides low-level access to Radix nodes for transaction submission, state queries, and network monitoring. It's primarily used by…

Radix Engine

Radix Engine

The Radix Engine is the execution environment that runs all Scrypto smart contracts on Radix. Unlike the EVM (which is a general-purpose virtual machi…

Radix Gateway API

Radix Gateway API

The Radix Gateway API is the primary developer interface for building dApps on Radix. It indexes the ledger and provides REST endpoints for querying a…

Radix Wallet

Radix Wallet

The Radix Wallet is a mobile-first cryptocurrency wallet built by RDX Works , developed to manage $XRD and other tokens on the Radix network . The wal…

Scrypto (Programming Language)

Scrypto (Programming Language)

Scrypto is Radix's smart contract programming language. Built on Rust, it implements asset-oriented programming where tokens and NFTs are native primi…

Smart Accounts

Smart Accounts

On Radix, every account is a smart account — a programmable component on the ledger with configurable access rules , deposit preferences, and recovery…

System Layer

System Layer

The system layer implements the engine's high-level abstractions — objects, blueprints, packages, modules (Metadata, Royalty, Role Assignment), and th…

Transaction Manifests

Transaction Manifests

Transaction manifests are Radix's instruction format for describing what a transaction should do. Unlike EVM transactions that encode function calls a…

Vamos Database

Vamos Database

Vamos is a novel database persistence layer developed by Dan Hughes , designed to provide better performance than traditional databases like LevelDB,…

VM Layer

VM Layer

The VM layer of the Radix Engine executes blueprint code. Two virtual machines coexist: the Scrypto VM, which runs developer-authored WebAssembly comp…