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Overview

The Radix Engine is the execution environment that runs all Scrypto smart contracts on Radix. Unlike the EVM (which is a general-purpose virtual machine), the Radix Engine is purpose-built for DeFi with asset-oriented programming enforced at the system level.

System-Level Enforcement

The Radix Engine enforces asset conservation, access rules, and resource behaviors (mint, burn, freeze) at the engine level — not in application code. This means an entire class of bugs (reentrancy, overflow, approval exploits) is structurally impossible.

Deterministic Execution

Every transaction produces the same result regardless of execution timing or node. Combined with transaction manifests, users can predict exactly what a transaction will do before signing.

The Radix Engine

The Radix Engine executes every Scrypto smart contract across four layers, resting on Cerberus consensus. Unlike a general-purpose VM, it is asset-oriented — tokens and NFTs are native primitives rather than balances in a mapping.

RADIX WIKIThe Radix EngineEXECUTION STACKThe Radix Engine is the execution environment for every Scrypto smart contract — purpose-built for DeFi, wheretokens and NFTs are native assets rather than balances in a mapping.FOUR LAYERS, TOP TO BOTTOM1ApplicationYour Scrypto blueprints, packages, and components execute here.topmost2SystemObjects, the resource model, and modules — Metadata · Royalty · Role Assignment.3VMRuns blueprint code in two VMs: Scrypto (WebAssembly) and Native.4KernelSubstates, actors, ownership transfer, and execution costing.lowestruns onCerberus consensusBraided BFT — reaches agreement across only the shards each transaction touches.Written in Scrypto (Rust) · asset-oriented · Scrypto VM + Native VM.radix.wiki
The Radix Engine stack — four layers on Cerberus consensus.