Core Concepts

Access Rules & Auth Zones

Radix Engine enforces access control at the system level through declarative access rules and auth zones — not application-level permission checks.

Asset-Oriented Programming

Radix's programming paradigm where digital assets are native primitives managed by the execution environment, not entries in smart contract mappings.

Atomic Composability

The guarantee that multi-step transactions execute entirely or not at all, enabling safe DeFi composition and AI agent operations.

Blind Signing and Transaction Manifests

How Radix eliminates blind signing through human-readable transaction manifests that show exactly what will happen before you sign.

Blockchain Trilemma

The supposed impossibility of achieving scalability, security, and decentralization simultaneously — and how Cerberus addresses it.

Blueprints & Packages

Scrypto code is organized into Blueprints (templates) and Packages (deployed bundles), instantiated as Components on the Radix ledger.

Buckets, Proofs & Vaults

Radix's core resource containers: Vaults store assets permanently, Buckets move them between operations, and Proofs verify ownership.

Byzantine Fault Tolerance

Byzantine Fault Tolerance (BFT) enables distributed systems to reach consensus even when some nodes are malicious or faulty.

Component Royalties

Scrypto blueprint authors earn royalties whenever their deployed components are used, creating sustainable incentives for open-source DeFi development.

Composability

How composability in DeFi allows building complex transactions by combining simple operations atomically.

Decentralized Finance (DeFi)

A comprehensive overview of Decentralized Finance: protocols, mechanisms, risks, and how Radix is purpose-built for it.

Decentralized Science (DeSci)

Decentralized Science combines blockchain governance, tokenized IP, and transparent funding to transform research.

Delegated Proof of Stake (DPoS)

How Delegated Proof of Stake works on Radix: staking XRD to validators and earning network emissions.

Finite State Machines

Finite state machines in distributed systems and their role in Radix Engine's deterministic execution model.

Honest Majority Assumption

The honest majority assumption in BFT consensus and why it matters for network security guarantees.

Liquid Stake Units (LSUs)

LSUs are native Radix tokens representing staked XRD, automatically accruing value as staking rewards compound — no claiming needed.

Native Assets vs Token Approvals

Radix eliminates the approval pattern (ERC-20 approve/transferFrom) by making assets native resources that move directly between vaults.

Network Emissions

Radix emits 300 million XRD annually to validators and stakers, incentivizing network security through delegated proof of stake.

Radix for AI Agents

Radix is architecturally suited for autonomous AI agents: readable manifests, native assets, atomic composability, and linear scalability.

Shard Groups

How shard groups organize validators in Cerberus for efficient parallel transaction processing.

Sharding

How Cerberus shards consensus rather than state, enabling linear scalability with atomic composability.

Staking

Complete guide to staking XRD on Radix: validators, emissions, LSUs, and earning rewards.

Substate Model

Radix's fine-grained state model where data is stored as independently lockable substates, enabling unlimited parallel execution.

Transactions Per Second (TPS)

Understanding TPS as a blockchain performance metric and why Radix measures real DeFi transaction throughput.

Trust Boundary

Trust boundaries in DLT: where code transitions from trusted to untrusted and how Radix Engine enforces them.

Unspent Transaction Output (UTXO) Model

The UTXO transaction model and how Radix extends it with substates for fine-grained parallel processing.

Validator Nodes

Validator nodes secure the Radix network by participating in Cerberus consensus, processing transactions and earning staking rewards.